Fw 190V53
The Fw 190D-series, particularly the D-9 variant known as the “Dora,” marked a significant evolution in the Fw 190 line, transitioning from the earlier radial-engined models to a more streamlined, inline-engined design. The primary motivation behind these changes was to improve high-altitude performance and reduce aerodynamic drag.
Development and Testing:
Early Prototypes and Engine Testing:
- Initial prototypes like V19, V20, V25, and V28 were crucial in testing the Jumo 213A engine. These prototypes were originally from the Fw 190B and C-series but were repurposed for the D-series.
- The Jumo 213A was significantly longer than the BMW 801, necessitating a 0.49-inch plug to be added to the fuselage for balance. This gave the aircraft its characteristic long nose, earning it the nickname “Langnase” (long-nose).
Armament and Features:
- V25 was notable for testing a MK 103 cannon firing through the propeller hub, a configuration intended to improve firepower alignment with the pilot’s line of sight and reduce aerodynamic drag.
- Subsequent prototypes like V22, V23, and V46 tested the Jumo 213C engine, designed to accommodate a centerline cannon (MG 151), further refining the aircraft’s combat capabilities.
Challenges and Setbacks:
- Efforts to develop a pressurized cockpit for the D-series, as seen in prototypes V26 and V27, proved challenging. The inability to adequately seal the cockpit led to the decision not to proceed with the D-1 or D-2 series in production.
Advantages Over Earlier Models:
- The D-series showed superior high-altitude performance compared to the BMW 801-powered A-series, due to the Jumo 213’s higher maximum pressure altitude. Additionally, the streamlined design with an annular radiator reduced drag, making the “Dora” faster in dives.
Transition to Production:
- Despite setbacks, such as the damage of prototypes V53 and V54 during bombing raids, the production of the Fw 190D-9 began in August 1944. This production took place at multiple facilities, including Focke-Wulf in Cottbus, Fieseler in Kassel-Waldau, and Arado.
Conclusion:
The Fw 190D series represented a significant shift in Luftwaffe fighter design, prioritizing high-altitude performance and improved aerodynamics. The series eventually led to the production of the D-9 variant, which became one of the Luftwaffe’s most capable piston-engined fighters during the late stages of World War II.