Vought F4U Corsair – fighter produced by Chance Vought in the years 1942-1952. During World War II aircraft were also produced under the name FG by Goodyear, as well as F3A by Brewster.
Plans for the first airplane built in 1938 as a proposal of a modern single-seater fighter-board for the US Navy. It was intended to have then most powerful aircraft engine – the Pratt & Whitney XR-2800 Double Wasp. The installation of this engine, and as it went, a large propellers with a diameter of 4.06 m, it would require a relatively long retractable landing gear susceptible to damage during landings. Designers therefore decided to change the profile on broken wings – a characteristic later for Corsair, with lower attachment points of the chassis. As a result, the pilot has gained further improved visibility. A group of designers led by Rex B. Beisel. The first prototype flew 29 May 1940 year. It was armed with two machine guns Browning M1919 7.62 mm in the front part of the fuselage and a single Browning M2 machine guns cal. 12.7 mm, one in each wing. During test flights in 1940, the plane suffered damage during the emergency landing. After the renovation, while testing the aircraft reached the speed of 650 km / h. Production of the aircraft prevented some problems with the engine, which quite often underwent a fire during the flight and control problems. The experience of fighting in Europe have convinced the US Navy command to order heavier weapons. Mounted in the fuselage machine guns dismantled, adding the extra M2 cal. 12.7 mm in each wing. Such a solution requires elimination wing fuel tanks, so engineers decided while moving the cockpit to the rear, add additional self-sealing tank in the fuselage.
In February 1941 U.S. Navy started the official tests XF4U-1, and June 30 ordered the first series of 584 machines F4U-1. Then the plane received the official name of Corsair. During production several improvements, including airplanes equipped with a Pratt & Whitney R-2800-8 Double Wasp (2,000 hp) with a two-stage compressor and increased the number of machine guns in the wings to six. The first serial aircraft flew 24 June 1942, and the Navy received the first copy from the date of July 31, 1942. During the tests on the USS Sangamon it turned out that the pilot in the cockpit located practically can not see what is in front of the plane during taxiing, what could cause severe accidents. It was therefore decided that the first Corsairs will go to Marine Corps squadrons stationed in bases on land. Starting from 689 copy, aircraft increased slightly the position of the cockpit and the cabin itself was rebuilt to provide better visibility for the pilot. Version of the new cab was determined later F4U1-A. Some of the aircraft were adapted for photographic reconnaissance; they received the designation F4U-1P. Subsequent aircraft engine received R-2800-8W with the possibility of a short-term increase in power up to 2230 hp.
In August 1943 Vought put into production version F4U-1C with 20 mm cannons. In April 1944, Vought launched a parallel with the F4U-1C production version of the F4U-1D fitted again in six machine guns cal. 12.7 mm and can carry a drop tank with 605 liters of fuel and two 1000 lb bombs under the wings. The counterpart of this version of the plants were Goodyear FG-1D planes, and Brewster F3A-1D. Later F4U-1D and FG-1D were equipped with a stub pylons for 8 unguided rocket HVAR.
Three copies F4U-1A equipped with a engine P&W XR-2800-16C Double Wasp with two t Turbosuperchargers. These aircraft were given the designation XF4U-3 (plants Goodyear FG-3) and were characterized by a better performance at high altitudes, but decided not to produce this variant.
The last version produced in large quantities during World War II was the F4U-4 with an engine P & W R-2800-18W Double Wasp (2100 hp). The novelty was also used four blade propeller. This aircraft reached a maximum speed of 718 km / h (approx. 48 km / h more than the F4U-1D). Armament was identical to the version of the F4U-1D (6 x 12.7 mm, 8 rockets and 2×1000 pounds bombs). It was built in 2037 copies of this version, plus: 297 F4U-4B and F4U-4C (equipped with four 20 mm cannon instead of machine guns), one plane F4U-4N (night fighter) and 9 F4U-4P (photographic reconnaissance aircraft).
After the end of World War II introduced version of the F4U-5 with R-2800-3W engine (2,300 hp), armed with four cannon caliber 20 mm, 8 x 127 mm rockets and 2×1000 pounds bombs. Also produced night versions of the fighter, the first of which was designated F4U-5N and the other, equipped, in addition to anti-icing systems F4U-5NL. Also created reconnaissance aircraft F4U-5P.
With the introduction to service of jet-powered fighters, Corsairs ceased to play an important role as a fighter, but very well worked well as close-support plane. Starting from 1952, the unit began to reach new Corsairs marked this time AU-1. Vought designed the AU-1to carry a max bomb load of 3720 kg. The last version was 97 F4U-7 built specially for the French Aeronavale. These aircraft have engines R-2800-18W Double Wasp, equipment identical to the AU-1, and lighter armor.
Bibliography
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